Houthis

The Houthis (in Arabic : الحوثيون al-Ḥūthiyyūn; alternatively: (al-) Houthis ) are a group rebel Shiite Zaydi operating in Yemen . They have also been referred to as a "powerful clan ",  and the title Ash-Shabab al-Mu'min (in Arabic : الشباب المؤمن , translated as Believers Youth (BY) or Young Believers ). The group takes its name from Badreddin Hussein al-Houthi , their former commander, who was killed by forces of the Yemeni army in September 2004 .  Several other commanders, including Ali al-Qatwani , Abu Haider , Abbas Aidah and Yousuf al-Madani (one son-Hussein al-Houthi) were also killed by Yemeni forces. The brothers' father Houthi, Hussein al-Houthi Badreddin is considered the spiritual leader of the group.
Members of the group had between 1,000 and 3,000 fighters until 2005  and between 2,000 and 10,000 fighters from 2009 .  According to Ahmed Al-Bahri, the Houthis had a total of 100,000 to 120,000 followers, including armed fighters and unarmed supporters.
The Houthis claimed that their actions are for the defense of their community and discrimination by the government, although the government of Yemen in turn accuses them of wanting to overthrow it and establish a Shiite religious law  , destabilize government and "make a stir with feelings of anti-Americanism ".
The Yemeni government also accused the Houthis of having links with external sponsors, especially the Iranian government (since Iran is a Shia majority country).  In turn, the Houthis have responded with claims that the Yemeni government is being supported by external agents virulently anti-Shia, including Al-Qaeda and the government of Saudi Arabia

Jariri

Jariri is the name given to a short-lived school of Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh) that was derived from the work of Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, the 9th and 10th-century Muslim scholar of Baghdad. Eventually, followers of the school dwindled until the Jariri school of law eventually died out.
Principles

The Jariri school was frequently in conflict with the strict Hanbali school of Ahmad Ibn Hanbal. The Jariri school was notable for its liberal attitudes toward the role of women; the Jariris for example held that women could be judges, and could lead men in prayer. Conflict was also found with the Hanafi school on the matter of juristic preference, which the Jariri school censured severely. In regard to consensus in Islamic law, the school also held the view that religiously binding consensus only included that of the first generation of Muslims and that such a consensus must be tied to an already existing scriptural text.

Thawri

The thawri (Arabic:الثوري) Madhab was a short lived school of Islamic Jurisprudence. Its founder was Sufyan Al-Thawri, a great 8th Century scholar, jurist and hadith compiler.
After Ath-Thawri's move to Basra later in his life, his jurisprudential thought (usul) became more closely aligned to that of the Umayyads and of Al-Azwa'i.[1] He is reported to have regarded the physical jihad as an obligation only as a defensive war.
He spent the last year of his life hiding after a dispute between him and the Abbasid Caliph Muhammad Ibn Mansur Al-Mahdi. After his death, the Thawri Madhhab was taken up by his students, including notably Yahya al-Qattan. However, his school did not survive, but his jurisprudential thought and especially hadith transmission are highly regarded in Islam, and have influenced all the major schools.

Laythi

The Laythi (Arabic: الليث‎) madhhab was an 8th century religious law school of Fiqh within Sunni Islam whose Imam was Al-Layth ibn Sa'd.
Al-Layth Ibn Sa'd Ibn `Abdur-Rahmaan Al-Fahmi was the chief representative, Imam and eponym of the Laythi school of Islamic jurisprudence and was regarded as a Haafith (a title given to whoever memorizes 100,000 Hadeeth), the shaykh of Islam, the jurist (faqih) and scholar of Egypt.

Awza'i sect of Sunni Islam.

The legal school of Imam Al Awzaa'ee is one of the most popular schools in the 8 ^th  century and is widespread in Spain, North Africa and Syria, before disappearing in Andalusia due to the hegemony of  Maliki School, and is definitely off the 11 ^th  century in Syria.

Basically, it was the madhhab official in these two regions. Then, during the reign of Caliph Umayyad Hicham I st , the Maliki madhhab replaced it and became the official madhhab of those in power, and was followed by mass people completely forsook the madhhab of Imam Al Awzaa'ee. This is because the Caliph Hisham I first followed the madhhab of Imam Malik ibn Anas and therefore the fatwa official plan were enacted by this school. Also, with many trips Spanish lawyers to the city of Medina and the many questions and answers that resulted from this their talks with Imam Malik, the Maliki opinion spread at a high speed. A few years after the death of Hisham I st , the famous disciple of Imam Malik, Yahya Ibn Yahya Al Laythi would definitely implement the Maliki madhhab in Andalusia , with the collection of hadith of Imam Malik called Al Muwatta ° , and teach the Maliki fiqh to a considerable number of people. Similarly, the Spanish jurist 'Abd ul Malik Ibn Habib traveled to Medina in order to tap the knowledge of Imam Malik through his disciple Ibn Al Qasim, then back to Spain, wrote his treatise on jurisprudence Al Wâdihah became a reference in the Spanish students  . For their part, the kings of the Maghreb began to agree to follow mainly the fatwa of Imam Ibn Al Qasim , based on Mudawwanah of Imam Ibn Sa'id Sahnun At Tanûkhî  .


In Syria, his madhhab is the main school of fiqh to 10th  century, when Zur'âh Imam Abu 'Uthman Ibn Muhammad, a Shafi'i , was appointed qadi of Damascus . Indeed, it gives a price of 100 dinars to any student who manages to memorize the book Mukhtasar ul-Muzani , a basic book of Fiqh Shafi'i. This practice is causing the expansion of the Madhhab Shafi'i madhhab at the expense of Al-Awzaa'ee, which is steadily decreasing until its extinction in the xi th  century  .
In any event, his contributions to the science of fiqh are numerous and archived until our days in the books of fiqh advanced, Abu Yusuf and the preservation of knowledge Awzaa'ee Al-Usul al-fiqh in its Book Al-radd ala al-siyar Awzaa'ee .